Operators in C :

Operators in C :

"Operator is a symbol that is used to perform mathematical operations."

When we use a variable in a program then we have to mention the type of data. This can be handled using data type in C.

Followings are the most commonly used data types in C.

Operator Name	Operators
Assignment	=
Arithmetic	+, -, *, /, %
Logical	&&, ||, !
Relational	<, >, <=, >=, ==, !=
Shorthand	+=, -=, *=, /=, %=
Unary	++, --
Conditional	()?:;
Bitwise	&, |, ^, <<, >>, ~

 1. Assignment Operator

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

       int a,b;

       clrscr();

       a = 53;

       printf("\n\t Value of A : %d",a);       // 53

       b = a; // Interchange of value using assignment

       printf("\n\n\t Value of B : %d",b);    // 53

       getch();

}

2. Arithmetic Operators

It is also called as 'Binary operators'. It is used to perform arithmetical operations. These operators operate on two operands.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

       int a,b,c,d,e,f,g;

       clrscr();

       printf("\n\t Enter First Number :");    // 5

       scanf("%d",&a);

       printf("\n\t Enter Second Number :");   // 2

       scanf("%d",&b);

       c = a + b;

       printf("\n\n\t Addition is : %d",c);   // 7

       d = a - b;

       printf("\n\n\t Subtraction is : %d",d);  // 3

       e = a * b;

       printf("\n\n\t Multiplication is : %d",e);  // 10

       f = a / b;

       printf("\n\n\t Division is : %d",f); // 2

       g = a % b;

       printf("\n\n\t Modulus is : %d",g); // 1

       getch();

}

3. Logical Operators

Sometimes, we have to check more than one condition at a time then it is operator which is primarily used to check more than two conditions. This operator returns 1 if condition is true otherwise 0.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

       int no1=2, no2=5;

       clrscr();

       printf("\n\n %d",(no1 && no2));   // returns 1

       printf("\n\n %d",(no1 || no2));   // returns 1

       getch();

}

4. Relational Operators

It is also used to check conditions. These operators return 1 if condition is true otherwise 0.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

       int a=6, b=2;

       clrscr();

       printf("\n\n A<=B : %d",(a<=b)); // 0 - False

       printf("\n\n A>B : %d",(a>b)); // 1 - True

       printf("\n\n A!=B : %d",(a!=b)); // 1 - True

       getch();

}

5. Shorthand Operators

It is used to perform mathematical operations at which the result or output can affect on operands.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

       int a,b;

       clrscr();

       a = 18;

       b = 4;

       printf("\n\t Value of A : %d",a);  // 18

       printf("\n\t Using of B : %d",b);  // 4

       b += a ;  // b = b + a

       printf("\n\n\t Using += (i.e b=b+a): %d",b); // 22

       // Change the operator as -=, *=, /=, %=

       getch();

}

6. Unary Operators

It operates on a single operand. Therefore, this operator is called as 'unary operator.' It is used to increase or decrease the value of variable by 1.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

       int a=4, b;

       clrscr();

       printf("\n\n Value of A : %d",a); // 4

       a++; // Post

       printf("\n\n Value of A : %d",a); // 5

       ++a; // Pre

       printf("\n\n Value of A : %d",a); // 6

       b=--a;

       printf("\n\n Value of A : %d",a); // 5

       printf("\n\n Value of B : %d",b); // 5

       b=a++;

       printf("\n\n Value of A : %d",a); // 6

       printf("\n\n Value of B : %d",b); // 5

       b++;

       printf("\n\n Value of B : %d",b); // 6

       getch();

}

7. Conditional Operator

Conditional operator is also called as 'ternary operator.' It is widely used to execute condition in true part or in false part. It operates on three operands. The logical or relational operator can be used to check conditions.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

       int a, b=3;

       clrscr();

       a = 5;

       printf("\n\n A is less than B ? ");

        // No

       getch();

}

8. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used for manipulation of data at a bit level. They can be directly applied to char, short int and long.

Operators Precedence and Associativity :

In C, each and every operator has a spcial precedence which is associated with it. There are various levels of precedence. This precedence is especially used to determine to evaluation of expression which has more than one operator in it. The operators which has higher precedence are executed first and vice-versa. Operators which has same precedence level are evaluated from left to right. It is dependant on it's level. This feature is well known as 'Associativity of an operator.'

Associativity	Operator	Description
Left to Right	()	Function
	[]	Array
	-->	Pointer to member
	.	Structure
Right to left	-	Unary Minus
	+	Unary Plus
	++ / --	Increment/Decrement
	~	One's Complement
	&	Address of
	(type)	Type casting
	sizeof	Size (in bytes)
	!	Logical Not
	*	Pointer reference
Left to Right	*	Multiplication
	/	Division
	%	Modulus
Left to Right	+	Addition
	-	Subtraction
Left to Right	<<	Left Shift
	>>	Right Shift
Left to Right	<	Less than
	<=	Less than or equal to
	>	Greater than
	>=	Greater than or equal to
Left to Right	==	Equality
	!=	Not Equal to
Left to Right	&	Bitwise AND
Left to Right	^	Bitwise XOR
Left to Right	|	Bitwise OR
Left to Right	&&	Logical AND
Left to Right	||	Logical OR
Left to Right	? :	Conditional Operator
Right to Left	=  *=  +=	Assignment
Left to Right	,	Comma