Monolithic Programming Approach:

Monolithic Programming Approach: In this approach, the program consists of sequence of statements that modify data. All the statements of the program are Global throughout the whole program. The program control is achieved through the use of jumps i.e. goto statements. In this approach, code is duplicated each time because there is no support for the function. Data is not fully protected as it can be accessed from any portion of the program. So this approach is useful for designing small and simple programs. The programming languages like ASSEMBLY and BASIC follow this approach. 

Jumping Statements:

Jumping Statements:

Break Statement :

Sometimes, it is necessary to exit immediately from a loop as soon as the condition is satisfied.

When break statement is used inside a loop, then it can cause to terminate from a loop. The statements after break statement are skipped.

Syntax :

        break;

Figure :

Program :

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

        int i;

        clrscr();

        for(i=1;  ; i++)

        {

               if(i>5)

               break;

               printf("%d",i);  // 5 times only

        }

        getch();

}

Output :

12345_

Continue Statement :

Sometimes, it is required to skip a part of a body of loop under specific conditions. So, C supports 'continue' statement to overcome this anomaly.

The working structure of 'continue' is similar as that of that break statement but difference is that it cannot terminate the loop. It causes the loop to be continued with next iteration after skipping statements in between. Continue statement simply skipps statements and continues next iteration.

Syntax :

        continue;

Figure :

Program :

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

        int i;

        clrscr();

        for(i=1; i<=10; i++)

        {

               if(i==6)

               continue;

               printf("\n\t %d",i);  // 6 is omitted

        }

        getch();

}

Output :

         1

         2

         3

         4

         5

         7

         8

         9

         10_

Goto Statement :

It is a well known as 'jumping statement.' It is primarily used to transfer the control of execution to any place in a program. It is useful to provide branching within a loop.

When the loops are deeply nested at that if an error occurs then it is difficult to get exited from such loops. Simple break statement cannot work here properly. In this situations, goto statement is used.

Syntax :

        goto [expr];

Figure :

Program :

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

void main()

{

        int i=1, j;

        clrscr();

        while(i<=3)

        {

               for(j=1; j<=3; j++)

               {

                       printf(" * ");

                       if(j==2)

                       goto stop;

               }

               i = i + 1;

        }

        stop:

               printf("\n\n Exited !");

        getch();

}

Output :

 *  *

 Exited_